The Christmas holidays somehow managed to survive the oppression of Communism, despite all efforts to turn the Christian celebration into the celebration of the Fir Tree (Fenyounnep) and of Winter Father (Telapo – basically Santa Clause without any reference to St Nikolaus).
Christmas in Communism (Source: Emlekpont)
During the Communist times, from the 1950s up until the 1980s, religion as such was suppressed by the Communist government, and so were religious traditions and holidays, as well as church services. Christmas remained a holiday though, and it was sort of re-branded in Communist style. The Communist Xmas was the family holiday, the Celebration of the Fir Tree, winter merry activities, and the ever greens. The family was of course the cell of the big Communist brother/sisterhood. Jesus, Bethlehem, the three wise men, Christianity were not mentioned as being part of Christmas.
People in Hungary, and generally in the Communist countries behind the Iron Curtain, were discouraged to attend Christmas religious gatherings, including midnight masses, which were still held in smaller villages and towns, hidden, in secret. There are many living eye witnesses from the Communist times who can recall the controversial nature of Christmases behind the Iron Curtain.
In general, being a church goer was not compatible with being a ‘good Communist,’ which every citizen was supposed to be, who were the subjects of the Soviet block, the extended empire of the USSR. Citizens were observed by the hardworking people of the secret police of the totalitarian Communist governments. There were thousands of little helpers built into communities, who were to report any unacceptable (religious) behavior. The secret Communist moles were often everyday people, long part of their community, who were simply threatened with all sorts of potential punishments (to themselves and their families) if they had the slightest intention to reject the idea of writing reports as a Communist mole. It was in many cases a means of survival to become a red brick in the system of constant, day in day out observations. Big Brother was indeed watching all, and Big Brother was watching the Christmas too.
So much so, that certain events were scheduled by Christmas by the Hungarian State Protection Authority (ÁVH), that is the Hungarian Communist secret police. For instance Jozsef Mindszenty the cardinal of the Catholic Church was taken prisoner at Christmas:
It was a symbolical gesture that the State Protection Committee […] scheduled the capture and imprisonment of Jozsef Mindszenty by Dec 26, 1949. (source: Hungarian historical portal: mult-kor.hu)
Hungarian ‘Christmas’ Postcard in the Communism (Source: Emlekpont)
Despite the whitewashing (red washing?) of Christmas with Communist ideology (and then, after 1989 with the global commercialization), the Hungarian belief of Baby Jesus delivering Xmas presents has been
around for centuries. But, as pointed out above, even this tradition seems to be mixed with the Little Angel delivering gifts.
These days most children in developed countries get to see the secret miracle of the Christmas tree in the supermarkets and stores of the mega sized shopping malls at the beginning of November (or even in mid
October…). So parents need to invent new things to keep Christmas full of surprises, warmth, and joyful expectations. And if you want to do some Xmas shopping in a non-shopping-mall atmosphere, some good places to visit are the traditional Hungarian Christmas markets: on Vorosmarty Square, at the Basilica, in Obuda, or on Bakats Square. And to get away from it all, just take a ride to Normafa in the Buda Hills, and enjoy crisp winter air, the tranquil trees, the snow covered slopes, and some hot drinks and meals in the restaurants atop Normafa.
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Do you have any memories from the Communist times at Christmas? Please fee free to share with us below in the comments, or send your personal account to share with others at the following email address: budapestchristmas [at] gmail dot com.
